H13模具鋼和3Cr2W8V模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)是(shi)我國目前使用(yong)(yong)(yong)最(zui)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩種(zhong)(zhong)鍛(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)H13模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)因良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合力(li)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)及抗熱(re)(re)(re)冷(leng)疲(pi)勞(lao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)勝任一般熱(re)(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)鍛(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求。但由于H13模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)作為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)耐熱(re)(re)(re)型執作模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)，其(qi)工(gong)作溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)超過(guo)600度(du)(du)，且淬(cui)透(tou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)差不(bu)(bu)(bu)利于制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)大(da)截面(mian)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。3Cr2W8V模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)是(shi)我國比(bi)較早的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)且應用(yong)(yong)(yong)最(zui)廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)高強熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)熱(re)(re)(re)鍛(duan)(duan)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)，其(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)良(liang)好，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)可達650度(du)(du)，但因其(qi)冷(leng)熱(re)(re)(re)疲(pi)勞(lao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)差，容易因冷(leng)熱(re)(re)(re)疲(pi)勞(lao)而產生(sheng)龜裂。而DM模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)為(wei)最(zui)近幾年研發(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新型熱(re)(re)(re)鍛(duan)(duan)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)，通過(guo)3種(zhong)(zhong)熱(re)(re)(re)鍛(duan)(duan)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)熱(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)曲線的(de)(de)(de)(de)測定(ding)(ding)及微觀組(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀察(cha)(cha)，對(dui)比(bi)分(fen)析3種(zhong)(zhong)鍛(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)熱(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣及在(zai)熱(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)微觀組(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化。3種(zhong)(zhong)實驗(yan)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)均采用(yong)(yong)(yong)電渣重熔(rong)冶煉，其(qi)化學成分(fen)如(ru)表1所(suo)示(shi)，熱(re)(re)(re)處理工(gong)藝及硬(ying)度(du)(du)值如(ru)表2所(suo)示(shi)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)淬(cui)火加熱(re)(re)(re)冷(leng)卻均在(zai)真空淬(cui)火爐(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，等箱(xiang)式回火爐(lu)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)實驗(yan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)下(xia)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)回火。熱(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)箱(xiang)式爐(lu)分(fen)別將試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣在(zai)580、620、650度(du)(du)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)24h，然后(hou)測試(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)下(xia)3種(zhong)(zhong)實驗(yan)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洛式硬(ying)度(du)(du)值。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)發(fa)射掃描電鏡觀察(cha)(cha)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣不(bu)(bu)(bu)同保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微觀組(zu)織，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)高分(fen)辨投射電子顯微鏡對(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣進(jin)行(xing)(xing)觀察(cha)(cha)，并標定(ding)(ding)碳化物的(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)型。

結果表明：

（1）在580、620、650度(du)(du)保(bao)溫(wen)24h熱穩(wen)試驗中(zhong)，DM模(mo)具(ju)鋼的(de)硬度(du)(du)始終高于(yu)H13模(mo)具(ju)鋼和3Cr2W8V模(mo)具(ju)鋼；且隨著保(bao)溫(wen)溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)升高，硬度(du)(du)前(qian)期下降(jiang)的(de)速度(du)(du)越快，后期均趨于(yu)平穩(wen)。

（2）在(zai)650度(du)熱穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)過程中(zhong)，3Cr2W8V模具鋼中(zhong)存在(zai)W元素大(da)量固(gu)溶(rong)于(yu)基(ji)體中(zhong)，產生(sheng)固(gu)溶(rong)強化(hua)作用，而DM模具鋼在(zai)熱穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)過程中(zhong)由(you)于(yu)亞穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)相在(zai)高溫下(xia)分解(jie)析(xi)出M2C型碳化(hua)物產生(sheng)硬化(hua)現象，同時由(you)于(yu)大(da)量Mn元素固(gu)溶(rong)于(yu)基(ji)體，阻礙了馬氏體基(ji)體的回復(fu)，兩者相輔相成保(bao)證了其優越的熱穩(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)性能。